1. JELASKAN TENTANG PERKEMBANGAN JARINGAN KOMPUTER SEBAGAI
SARANA YANG DIGUNAKAN DALAM PROSES TELEMATIKA
Dalam
proses telematika jaringan komputer sangat diperlukan karena kegunaan tersebut,
makan kegunaan dari jaringan komputer adalah unutk saling berinteraksi antar
komputer yang satu dengan komputer yang lainnya. dapat diartikan sebagai sebuah
rangkaian dua atau lebih komputer.
Komputer-komputer ini akan dihubungkan satu sama lain dengan sebuah sistem komunikasi. Dengan
jaringan komputer ini dimungkinkan bagi setiap komputer yang terjaring di
dalamnya dapat saling tukar-menukar data, program,
dan sumber daya komputer lainnya, seperti media
penyimpanan, printer,
dan lain-lain. Jaringan komputer yang menghubungkan komputer-komputer yang
berada pada lokasi berbeda dapat juga dimanfaatkan untuk mengirim surat
elektronik (e-mail), mengirim file data (upload) dan
mengambil file data dari tempat lain (download), dan berbagai kegiatan
akses informasi pada lokasi yang terpisah. Tujuan utama dari sebuah jaringan
komputer adalah sharing resource (sumber daya), dimana sebuah
komputer dapat memanfaatkan sumber daya yang dimiliki komputer lain yang berada
dalam jaringan yang sama. Perkembangan teknologi
komunikasi data dan jaringan komputer dewasa ini sudah tidak
terbatas lagi hanya pada komputer. Berbagai perangkat teknologi
komunikasi yang dapat membantu dalam proses telematika saat ini
berkembang mengikuti perkembangan teknologi komputer, banyak diantaranya
mengintegrasikan perangkat komputer, seperti mikroprosesor, memori, display, storage,
dan teknologi
komunikasi ke dalamnya. Suatu jaringan komputer pada umumnya
terdiri atas:
- Kartu jaringan (network interface card / NIC) pada setiap komputer
- Medium Koneksi, yang menghubungkan kartu jaringan satu komputer ke komputer lainnya, biasa disebut sebagai medium transmisi data, bisa berupa kabel maupun nirkabel atau tanpa-kabel (wirelessseperti radio, microwave, satelit, dan sebagainya).
- Minimal dua buah komputer
- Peralatan interkoneksi, seperti Hub, Bridge, Switch, Router, dan Gateway, apabila jaringan yang dibentuk semakin luas jangkauannya.
- Perangkat Lunak Sistem operasi jaringan (network operating system software / NOSS) yang berfungsi untuk melakukan pengelolaan sistem jaringan, misalnya: Microsoft Windows 2000 server, Microsoft Windows NT, Novell Netware, Linux, dan sebagainya.
2. JELASKAN TENTANG PERKEMBANGAN TEKNOLOGI WIRELESS YANG
MELIPUTI HARDWARE , SISTEM OPERASI DAN PROGRAM APLIKASI YANG DIGUNAKAN PADA
PERANGKAT WIRELESS
Pada tahun 1997 IEEE membuat suatu
spesifikasi/standar WLAN yang pertama dengan kode IEEE 802.11 (bekerja pada
frekuensi 2.4 GHz). Standar ini diciptakan oleh Komite IEEE (kode IEEE 802)
yang menangani standardisasi jaringan LAN/MAN. Hanya sayang kecepatan
komunikasi datanya baru 2 Mbps. Oleh karena itu, pada tahun 1999 muncul
spesifikasi baru bernama 802.11b dimana tipe ini bisa mencapai data rate 11
Mbps. Namun, ada satu kelemahan dari tipe ini, yaitubanyak alat-alat lain yang
menggunakan gelombang radio pada frekuensi ini 2.4 GHz (misal: cordless phone,
microwave oven, dll.). Jadi, sangat mungkin terjadi Interferensi yang akan
menggangu performa WLAN tipe ini. Perubahan dan spesifikasi baru yang lebih mumpuni pun
bermunculan. Misalnya, tak lama setelah tipe 802.11b, IEEE membuat spek baru
802.11a yang menggunakan frekuensi 5 GHz dan data rate mencapai 54 Mbps.
Kemudian pada tahun 2002, muncul 802.11g yang menggabungkan kelebihan pada
802.11b dan 802.11a.
Tipe
ini bekerja pada frekuensi 2,4Ghz dengan kecepatan transfer data teoritis
maksimal 54Mbps. Peralatan 802.11g kompatibel dengan 802.11b, artinya pemakaiannya
dapat saling dipertukarkan. Misalkan saja sebuah komputer yang menggunakan LAN
card 802.11g dapat memanfaatkan access point 802.11b, dansebaliknya.Pada tahun
2006, 802.11n dikembangkan dengan menggabungkan teknologi 802.11b dan 802.11g.
Teknologi ini dikenal dengan istilah MIMO (Multiple Input Multiple Output)
merupakan teknologi Wi-Fi terbaru. MIMO dibuat berdasarkan spesifikasi
Pre-802.11n. Kata ”Pre-” menyatakan “Prestandard versions of 802.11n”. Lebar
frekuensi tipe 802.11n ini 2.4 GHz dengan data rate mencapai 100Mbps. Daya
tembus MIMO terhadap penghalang lebih baik, selain itu jangkauannya lebih luas
sehingga Anda dapat menempatkan laptop atau klien Wi-Fi sesuka hati.
Perbandingan Perkembangan
Teknologi Wireless
|
|||||
WiFi 802.11g
|
WiMAX 802.16-2004*
|
WiMAX 802.16e
|
CDMA2000 1x EV-DO
|
WCDMA/ UMTS
|
|
Approximate max reach (dependent on many factors)
|
100 Meters
|
8 Km
|
5 Km
|
*
|
*
|
Maximum throughput
|
54 Mbps
|
75 Mbps (20 MHz band)
|
30 Mbps (10 MHz band)
|
3.1 Mbps (EVDO Rev. A)
|
2 Mbps (10+ Mbps fpr HSDPA)
|
Typical Frequency bands
|
2.4 GHz
|
2-11 GHz
|
2-6 GHz
|
1900 MHz
|
1800,1900,2100 MHz
|
Application
|
Wireless LAN
|
Fixed Wireless Broadband (eg-DSL alternative)
|
Portable Wireless Broadband
|
Mobile Wireless Broadband
|
Mobile Wireless Broadband
|
Hardware
yang digunakan pada wireless
a. Hardware Access Point + plus = Perangkat
standard yang digunakan untuk access point. Access Point dapat berupa perangkat
access point saja atau dengan dual fungsi sebagai internal router.
b. PCMCIA Adapter = Alat ini dapat ditambahkan pada notebook dengan pada PCMCIA slot. Model PCMCIA
juga tersedia dengan tipe G atau double transmit.
c. USB Wireless Adaptor = Alat ini mengambil power 5V dari USB port. Untuk kemudahan USB WIFI adapter
dengan fleksibel ditempatkan bagi notebook dan PC.
d. USB Add-on PCI slot = Perangkat ini umumnya diberikan bersama paket mainboard untuk melengkapi
perangkat WIFI pada sebuah computer. Sama kemampuannya dengan PCI card wireless
network tetapi mengunakan jack USB internal pada mainboard termasuk pemakaian
power diambil dari cable tersebut.
e.
Mini PCI bus adapter = PCImini bus adalah slot PCI yang disediakan pada notebook dan pemakai dapat
menambahkan perangkat seperti WIFI adaptor didalam sebuah notebook.
f. PCI card wireless network = PCIcard Wireless network dapat juga berupa sebuah card WIFI
yang ditancapkan pada slot computer atau dengan mengambil power dari USB tetapi
dipasangkan pada PCI slot. Perangkat Wireless network dapat juga diaktifkan
menjadi Access point. Perangkat jenis PCI card dipasangkan permanen pada sebuah
desktop PC.
Software
yang digunakan pada wireless
- Wireless Wizard = Meningkatkan keandalan dan penggunaan dari setiap WiFi, WiMAX, LTE, 3G atau jaringan data nirkabel.
- Easy wifi radar = untuk menemukan dan terhubung untuk membuka jalur akses nirkabel dengan mouseclick tunggal. Terhubung ke hotspot gratis tanpa kerumitan.
- Advanced port scanner = dapat memindai port sangat cepat, berisi deskripsi untuk port umum, dan dapat melakukan scan pada rentang port yang telah ditentukan.
Sistem Operasi yang digunakan pada wireless
Sistem Operasi yang digunakan hendaknya disesuaikan dengan
perangkat keras yang digunakan, perhatikan minimum hardware. Komputer dengan
perangkat keras terbaru biasanya telah mampu menjalankan system operasi Windows
XP atau Windows Vista. Selain menggunakan Windows XP atau Vista, anda juga bias
menggunakan system operasi gratis seperti, Ubuntu, Open SusE dan mandriva. Untuk
penggunaan macintosh biasanya telah terinstal system operasi Mac OS.
Sumber:
- http://cardcaptor-dyah39.blogspot.com/2012/11/tugas-2-pengantar-telematika.html
- http://afdhalnur.blogspot.com/2010/11/hardware-dan-software-yang-digunakan.html
- http://rizma.blogstudent.mb.ipb.ac.id/2010/06/16/3/#
- http://singgihwalkers.wordpress.com/2012/11/04/pengantar-telematika/
- http://dedesetiawan18.blogspot.com/p/blog-page_3.html
Thankyou for helping out, great info.
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